Climate change has affected the lives of many communities all over the world. Because of this, more and more individuals are expressing concern over the issue. Climate change is the term used to refer to the significant change in the average weather’s expected patterns. It has been primarily associated to global warming, which is the increase in the Earth’s average temperature.

We are all aware that changes in our climate and environment can greatly influence our lifestyle, especially our health and survival. A good example of a climate change would be 20,000 years ago, when the peak of the ice age or the glacial age happened. The ice age refers to the geological period when there was a long-term significant decrease in the Earth’s temperature. It resulted in the expansion of continental ice sheets, alpine glaciers and polar ice sheets.

The causes of climate change are divided into two categories: the natural causes and the artificial or man-made causes.

Natural Causes

1. The continuous drifting of the continents: The movement of the continents changes the physical features of the various landmasses. This drifting also changes the position of the lands and of the water bodies. It also affects the flow of the winds and of ocean currents, which has a significant effect on the climate.

2. Volcano eruptions: When a volcano erupts, large amounts of sulphur dioxide, dust, water vapor and ash are emitted into the atmosphere and can reach the higher atmospheric layers or the stratosphere. These dust particles and gases partially block the rays of the sun, which leads to cooling, resulting in climate change that can last for many years after the eruption.

3. The tilt of the earth: Changes in the earth’s tilt can also influence the severity of the seasons. The greater its tilt, the warmer the summers are and the colder the winters are.

4. Ocean currents: The currents of the oceans are another major factor of the earth’s climate. The currents can change their direction or slow down. The heat which escapes from the oceans are converted into water vapor, which is the most abundant type of greenhouse gas. Water vapor forms into clouds, which in turn shade the surface, giving a net cooling effect.

Artificial or Man-Made Causes

1. Increase in population: Along with the significant increase in the earth’s population come more pollution, specifically air pollution, which greatly affects the climate. Also, people make use of electricity to run all kinds of appliances and gadgets. The electricity which runs these appliances are generated in thermal power plants, which are run on coal, a fossil fuel. As a result, huge volumes of pollutants and greenhouse gases are emitted into the atmosphere. More people also means increased use of all kinds of transportation such as cars and buses, which also run on fossil fuels such as petrol and diesel. A higher population also means more waste generated which could remain in the environment for many years, causing significant damage to the environment.

2. Emission of greenhouse gases: Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane influence our environment greatly. These greenhouse gases result from the changes in land use, agriculture, deforestation and land clearing.

All of these contribute to climate change and global warming, which have profound effects in the lives of people all over the world. A lot of organizations are thinking of ways on how to stop these phenomena to avoid more negative effects in the future. These ways would include recycling and the reduction of greenhouse gases.

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